Extend Breastfeeding's Benefits: Notes
Issue 144 September/October 2007

1. Nutrition Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society, Nutrition for Healthy Term Infants: Statement of the Joint Working Group: Canadian Paediatric Society, Dietitians of Canada and Health Canada (Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services, 2005): www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/pubs/infant-nourrisson/nut_infant_nourrisson_term_e.html.

2. Michael S. Kramer, MD, and Ritsuko Kakuma, MSc, The Optimal Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002).

3. UNICEF, "Innocenti Declaration on the Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding" (1990): www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_24807.html.

4. American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding, "Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk," Pediatrics 115, no. 2 (February 2005): 496?506.

5. K. A. Dettwyler, "A Time to Wean," in K. A. Dettwyler and P. Stuart-Macadam, eds., Breastfeeding: Biocultural Perspectives (Piscataway, NJ: Aldine Transaction, 1995): 712?723.

6. Personal communication (28 February 2007).

7. Personal communication (27 February 2007).

8. D. Mandel et al., "Fat and Energy Contents of Expressed Human Breast Milk in Prolonged Lactation," Pediatrics 116, no. 3 (September 2005): e432?e435.

9. M. V. Karra et al., "Changes in Specific Nutrients in Breast Milk During Extended Lactation," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 43, no. 4 (April 1986): 495?503.

10. K. G. Dewey, "Nutrition, Growth, and Complementary Feeding of the Breastfed Infant," Pediatric Clinics of North America 48, no. 1 (February 2001): 87?104.

11. A. Host et al., "A Prospective Study of Cow's Milk Allergy in Exclusively Breast-fed Infants," Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 77, no. 5 (September 1988): 663?670.

12. Personal communication (27 February 2007).

13. R. H. Tangermann et al., "Breastfeeding Beyond Twelve Months," The Lancet 2, no. 8618 (1988): 1016.

14. A. S. Goldman et al., "Immunologic Components in Human Milk During the Second Year of Lactation," Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 72, no. 3 (May 1983): 461?462.

15. M. Hamosh, "Bioactive Factors in Human Milk," Pediatric Clinics of North America 48, no. 1 (February 2001): 69?86.

16. J. K. Welsh and J. T. May, "Anti-Infective Properties of Breast Milk," Journal of Pediatrics 94, no. 1 (1979): 1?9.

17. E. E. Gulick, "The Effects of Breast-feeding on Toddler Health," Pediatric Nursing 12, no. 1 (January?February 1986): 51?54.

18. Personal communication (1 March 2007).

19. L. A. Hanson et al., "Breastfeeding Protects Against Infections and Allergy," Breastfeeding Review 13 (November 1988): 19?22.

20. Jack Newman, MD, and Teresa Pitman, The Ultimate Breastfeeding Book of Answers: The Most Comprehensive Problem-Solving Guide to Breastfeeding from the Foremost Expert in North America (Roseville, CA: Prima Publishing, 2000).

21. Personal communication (28 February 2007).

22. L. J. Horwood and D. M. Fergusson, "Breastfeeding and Later Cognitive and Academic Outcomes," Pediatrics 101, no. 1 (January 1998): e9.

23. D. L. Johnson et al., "Breast feeding and Children's Intelligence," Psychological Reports 79 (December 1996): 1179?1185.

24. Personal communication (3 April 2007).

25. C. C. Tay, "Mechanisms Controlling Lactational Infertility," Journal of Human Lactation 7, no. 1 (March 1991): 15?18.

26. K. N. Danforth, et al., "Breastfeeding and Risk of Ovarian Cancer in Two Prospective Cohorts," Cancer Causes Control 18, no. 5 (June 2007): 517?523. Epub (21 Apr 2007).

27. K. E. Brock et al., "Sexual, Reproductive and Contraceptive Risk Factors for Carcinoma-in-Situ of the Uterine Cervix in Sydney," Medical Journal of Australia 150, no. 3 (6 February 1989): 125?130.

28. P. A. Newcomb et al., "Lactation and a Reduced Risk of Premenopausal Breast Cancer," New England Journal of Medicine 330, no. 2 (1994): 81?87.

29. H. Furberg et al., "Lactation and Breast Cancer Risk," International Journal of Epidemiology 28, no. 3 (1999): 396?402.

30. A. M. Stuebe et al., "Duration of Lactation and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes," JAMA 294, no. 20 (23 November 2005): 2601?2610.

31. E. W. Karlson et al., "Do Breast-feeding and Other Reproductive Factors Influence Future Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis - Results from the Nurses' Health Study," Arthritis & Rheumatism 50, no. 11 (November 2004): 3458?3467.

32. J. K. Van Ginneken, "Prolonged Breastfeeding as a Birth Spacing Method," Studies in Family Planning 5 (1974): 201?206.

33. Personal communication (27 February 2007).

34. Personal communication (27 March 2007).

35. Personal communication (26 March 2007).

36. See Note 7.

37. See Note 34.